Understanding Why Dogs Chew Furniture

Dogs chewing furniture is a common yet frustrating issue for many pet owners. While it may seem like deliberate mischief, this behavior often stems from natural instincts or underlying needs. Understanding the root causes—such as teething, boredom, anxiety, or innate chewing tendencies—helps address the problem effectively.

Teething in Puppies

Puppies explore the world with their mouths, and teething intensifies this behavior. Between three and six months of age, puppies lose their baby teeth, making their gums sore and itchy. Chewing provides relief by massaging the gums and helping new teeth break through.

Furniture legs, shoes, and cushions become prime targets because they’re accessible and have satisfying textures. To redirect this behavior, provide durable chew toys designed for teething puppies. Rubber toys or frozen washcloths can soothe inflamed gums. Supervising playtime and rewarding appropriate chewing reinforces good habits early.

Boredom or Lack of Exercise

Dogs left alone for long periods or lacking physical and mental stimulation often turn to destructive chewing. High-energy breeds like Border Collies or Labradors require daily exercise; without it, pent-up energy manifests in unwanted behaviors. A tired dog is less likely to gnaw on the couch.

Interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and regular walks prevent boredom. Rotate toys weekly to maintain novelty. For working owners, doggy daycare or a midday walker can break up monotony. Crate training may also help, but confinement should never replace engagement.

Anxiety or Stress

Chewing comforts anxious dogs, much like nail-biting in humans. Separation anxiety, loud noises (thunderstorms, fireworks), or changes in routine (moving, new pets) can trigger stress-related chewing. Dogs may target items with their owner’s scent, such as pillows or shoes, for reassurance.

Identifying anxiety signs—pacing, whining, excessive licking—is crucial. Gradual desensitization to triggers, calming supplements (like CBD or adaptil diffusers), and creating a safe space (a crate with blankets) can ease distress. Severe cases may require professional training or veterinary behaviorists.

Natural Instinct to Chew

Chewing is hardwired into canine DNA. Wild ancestors gnawed bones to clean teeth and strengthen jaws. Modern dogs retain this instinct, which promotes dental health by reducing plaque. Breeds like Beagles or Siberian Huskies are prone to vigorous chewing due to their historical roles.

Provide species-appropriate outlets: antlers, bully sticks, or heavy-duty nylon bones. Avoid cooked bones or rawhide, which splinter. Teach the “leave it” command to deter furniture chewing, and praise them for using approved items. Bitter apple sprays on furniture edges can act as deterrents.

Training and Prevention Strategies

Consistency is key. Scolding after the fact confuses dogs; instead, interrupt chewing in the moment with a firm “no” and redirect to a toy. Positive reinforcement works better than punishment.

Puppy-proofing minimizes temptation: use baby gates, store shoes away, and cover furniture legs with protective wraps. For chronic chewers, consult a vet to rule out nutritional deficiencies or pica (eating non-food items).

Long-Term Solutions

Addressing the cause—not just the symptom—creates lasting change. Combine exercise, mental stimulation, and proper chew toys to meet a dog’s needs. Patience and proactive management protect both furniture and the human-canine bond.

Understanding why dogs chew fosters empathy, turning frustration into actionable solutions tailored to each dog’s unique triggers.

Preventive Measures

Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs, but when directed toward furniture, shoes, or household items, it can become destructive. Understanding why dogs chew and implementing effective preventive measures can save both frustration and costly repairs. The following strategies—providing appropriate chew toys, using deterrent sprays, supervising and redirecting chewing behavior, and crate training—are essential for managing this behavior.

1. Provide Appropriate Chew Toys

Dogs chew for various reasons, including teething, boredom, anxiety, or simply to explore their environment. Supplying the right chew toys satisfies this instinct while protecting household items.

• Choose Durable, Safe Materials
  Not all chew toys are created equal. Rubber toys like Kong or Nylabone are long-lasting and safe for aggressive chewers. Avoid cheap plastic toys that can splinter and cause choking hazards.

• Match the Toy to the Dog’s Size and Chewing Strength
  Small breeds may prefer softer rubber toys, while large breeds need heavy-duty options. For teething puppies, frozen chew toys can soothe sore gums.

• Rotate Toys to Maintain Interest
  Dogs can lose interest in the same toy over time. Keeping a rotation of 3-4 different textures and shapes prevents boredom.

• Interactive Chew Toys for Mental Stimulation
  Puzzle toys stuffed with treats engage a dog’s mind and reduce destructive chewing caused by boredom.

2. Use Deterrent Sprays on Furniture

When dogs develop a habit of chewing specific items like chair legs or table corners, deterrent sprays can help break the habit by making those surfaces unappealing.

• How Deterrent Sprays Work
  These sprays contain bitter-tasting but non-toxic ingredients (e.g., citrus, apple bitter) that discourage chewing without harming the dog.

• Application Tips
  Test a small area first to ensure the spray doesn’t damage furniture. Reapply every few days, especially after cleaning.

• Alternative Natural Deterrents
  Some owners use diluted vinegar or citrus essential oils (properly diluted) as a homemade option.

• Combine with Positive Reinforcement
  While deterrent sprays stop unwanted chewing, always reward the dog when they choose an appropriate chew toy instead.

3. Supervise and Redirect Chewing Behavior

Preventing destructive chewing requires active supervision, especially with puppies or newly adopted dogs still learning boundaries.

• Recognize Chewing Triggers
  Some dogs chew when anxious, left alone, or understimulated. Identifying the cause helps tailor the solution—more exercise, anxiety relief, or mental enrichment.

• Interrupt and Redirect
  If caught chewing furniture, calmly say “No” and immediately offer an approved chew toy. Praise the dog when they switch to the toy.

• Use Commands Like “Leave It”
  Training a solid “leave it” command helps stop chewing before it starts. Practice with treats and gradually apply it to off-limit objects.

• Avoid Punishment
  Yelling or physical corrections can increase anxiety and worsen chewing. Positive reinforcement is more effective long-term.

4. Crate Training for Unsupervised Periods

When dogs can’t be supervised, crate training provides a safe space and prevents destructive chewing.

• Choosing the Right Crate
  The crate should be large enough for the dog to stand, turn, and lie down comfortably but not so big that they can use one end as a bathroom.

• Make the Crate a Positive Space
  Introduce the crate gradually with treats, meals, and comfortable bedding. Never use the crate as punishment.

• Limit Unsupervised Free Roaming
  Until a dog reliably chews only appropriate items, restrict access to problem areas using baby gates or closed doors.

• Avoid Prolonged Confinement
  Puppies and high-energy breeds shouldn’t be crated for more than 3-4 hours at a time. Provide exercise and mental stimulation before crating.

Additional Tips for Long-Term Success

• Exercise and Mental Stimulation – A tired dog is less likely to chew destructively. Daily walks, playtime, and training sessions help.
• Address Separation Anxiety – If chewing occurs mainly when alone, gradual desensitization to departures or calming aids (like Adaptil diffusers) may help.
• Regular Vet Checkups – Excessive chewing can sometimes indicate dental pain or nutritional deficiencies.

By combining these preventive measures—providing chew toys, using deterrents, supervising behavior, and crate training—owners can effectively manage chewing while keeping their dogs happy and engaged. Consistency and patience are key to long-term success.

Training Techniques

Teaching a dog the “Leave It” command is one of the most essential skills for both safety and behavioral control. This command prevents dogs from picking up harmful objects, chasing wildlife, or engaging in unwanted behaviors like begging. The training process begins with holding a treat in a closed fist and presenting it to the dog. When the dog sniffs or paws at the hand, firmly say, “Leave it.” The moment the dog stops trying to get the treat, reward them with a different treat from the other hand. Repeating this exercise reinforces the idea that ignoring the first item leads to a reward. Gradually increase difficulty by placing treats on the floor, covering them with a hand, and eventually giving the command without physical barriers.

Timing is crucial—delayed rewards confuse dogs, making them unsure which behavior earned the treat. If the dog lunges for the forbidden item, calmly remove it and reset the exercise. Never scold the dog for failing; patience ensures they associate the command with positive outcomes. Advanced training involves practicing in distracting environments, such as parks or near other animals. A well-trained “Leave It” response can prevent accidents, like swallowing toxic substances or running into traffic.

Rewarding positive behavior with treats is a cornerstone of effective dog training. Dogs learn through association, and food rewards create a strong incentive for repeating desired actions. High-value treats, such as small pieces of chicken or cheese, work best for challenging commands or new skills. The treat should be given immediately after the correct behavior to reinforce the connection. Over time, intermittent reinforcement—randomly rewarding correct responses instead of every single one—helps solidify the behavior without creating treat dependency.

However, treats alone aren’t enough. Pairing them with verbal praise (“Good boy!”) and physical affection (a pat or belly rub) strengthens the bond between owner and dog. Some dogs are more motivated by toys or playtime than food, so adjusting rewards based on individual preferences improves results. Avoid overfeeding; small, low-calorie treats prevent weight gain. For dogs prone to obesity, substitute treats with kibble from their daily food allowance.

Consistency in correction and praise is vital for long-term success. Mixed signals—such as allowing a dog to jump on guests one day but scolding them the next—create confusion. Every family member must enforce the same rules. If the dog barks excessively, everyone should respond with the same command (“Quiet”) and reward silence. Corrections should never involve physical punishment, which breeds fear and aggression. Instead, redirect unwanted behavior—for example, if the dog chews shoes, replace the shoe with a chew toy and praise them for using it.

Training sessions should be short (5-10 minutes) and frequent to maintain engagement. Dogs thrive on routine, so practicing commands at the same time daily accelerates learning. Consistency also applies to body language and tone; using the same gestures and firm but calm voice helps dogs recognize commands faster. If a dog disobeys, avoid repeating the command endlessly—this teaches them that listening is optional. Instead, guide them into the correct position and then reward compliance.

Combining these techniques—teaching reliable commands, using strategic rewards, and enforcing uniform expectations—creates a well-behaved, confident dog. Training isn’t just about obedience; it builds trust and enhances the human-canine relationship. Owners who invest time in structured, positive reinforcement methods enjoy a happier, safer life with their pets.

Health Considerations
1. Monitor treat intake to avoid obesity.
2. Adjust training intensity for puppies and senior dogs to prevent strain.
3. Watch for signs of stress (panting, avoidance) and shorten sessions if needed.

Behavioral Tips
1. Socialize dogs early to reduce fear-based reactions.
2. Use a clicker for precise timing in reward-based training.
3. End sessions on a positive note to keep the dog motivated.

Environmental Enrichment

Dogs thrive in environments that challenge them both physically and mentally. Without proper stimulation, they may develop destructive behaviors, anxiety, or obesity. Environmental enrichment is essential for a dog’s well-being, ensuring they remain happy, healthy, and engaged. The three key components—increased physical exercise, mental stimulation through puzzle toys, and rotating toys to maintain interest—work together to create a fulfilling lifestyle for any canine companion.

1. Increase Physical Exercise and Playtime

Physical activity is fundamental to a dog’s health. Different breeds have varying energy levels, but all dogs benefit from structured exercise. High-energy breeds like Border Collies and Siberian Huskies require vigorous daily workouts, while smaller or less active breeds still need regular movement to stay fit.

Walking is the most basic form of exercise, but it shouldn’t be the only one. Incorporating play sessions, such as fetch, tug-of-war, or agility training, keeps dogs engaged. Off-leash play in secure areas allows them to run freely, improving cardiovascular health and muscle tone. Swimming is another excellent low-impact exercise, particularly for older dogs or those with joint issues.

Interactive play with owners strengthens the human-dog bond while fulfilling a dog’s instinctual needs. Games like hide-and-seek stimulate both body and mind, encouraging problem-solving skills. For multi-dog households, supervised playdates provide socialization and physical exertion.

2. Mental Stimulation with Puzzle Toys

Dogs are intelligent animals that need cognitive challenges to prevent boredom. Puzzle toys are designed to engage their problem-solving abilities, slowing down fast eaters and alleviating anxiety.

Treat-dispensing toys, such as Kongs or snuffle mats, encourage dogs to work for their food, mimicking natural foraging behaviors. These toys can be stuffed with kibble, peanut butter, or frozen broth for extended engagement.

Interactive puzzles with sliding compartments or hidden compartments require dogs to manipulate parts to access rewards. Beginner-level puzzles help build confidence, while advanced ones challenge even the smartest breeds.

Training sessions also serve as mental workouts. Teaching new commands, tricks, or scent work keeps a dog’s brain active. Nose work games, where dogs search for hidden treats or toys, tap into their natural scenting abilities.

3. Rotate Toys to Keep Them Interesting

Dogs can lose interest in toys if they’re always available. Rotating toys every few days maintains novelty, preventing boredom.

A simple rotation system involves dividing toys into groups and swapping them weekly. This method makes old toys feel new again, reigniting a dog’s curiosity.

Different types of toys serve different purposes. Chew toys satisfy the need to gnaw, plush toys provide comfort, and squeaky toys trigger prey drive. By cycling through these categories, owners ensure their dogs remain stimulated in multiple ways.

Introducing new toys periodically keeps excitement levels high. However, not every toy needs to be store-bought—DIY options like cardboard boxes with hidden treats or frozen towels with embedded kibble can be just as engaging.

Additional Tips for Optimal Enrichment

• Sensory Enrichment: Expose dogs to new smells, textures, and sounds. Walks in different environments, like parks or beaches, provide novel stimuli.
• Social Interaction: Playdates with other dogs or supervised visits to dog parks encourage socialization.
• Training Variety: Alternate between obedience training, agility exercises, and trick sessions to keep learning fresh.

A well-enriched environment prevents behavioral issues, reduces stress, and enhances overall quality of life. By combining physical activity, mental challenges, and strategic toy rotation, owners can ensure their dogs lead fulfilling, happy lives.

When to Seek Professional Help

Dogs exhibit a wide range of behaviors, some of which can become problematic if left unaddressed. While many issues can be managed with consistent training and patience, certain behaviors may require professional intervention. Recognizing when to seek help is crucial for your dog’s well-being and your household’s harmony.

1. Persistent Chewing Despite Training

Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs, especially puppies exploring their environment or teething. However, when chewing persists despite training efforts, it may indicate underlying issues.

Common Causes of Excessive Chewing:
– Boredom or Lack of Stimulation: Dogs left alone for long periods without mental or physical engagement may resort to destructive chewing.
– Separation Anxiety: Some dogs chew excessively when anxious about being left alone.
– Medical Issues: Dental pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, or nutritional deficiencies can lead to abnormal chewing.

When to Seek Help:
– If chewing is destructive (furniture, walls, shoes) and persists despite redirection and training.
– If the dog ingests non-food items, risking intestinal blockages.
– If chewing is accompanied by other signs of distress, such as whining or pacing.

A professional dog trainer or behaviorist can assess the root cause and develop a tailored plan. In some cases, a veterinarian should rule out medical conditions.

2. Signs of Severe Anxiety or Compulsive Behavior

Anxiety and compulsive behaviors in dogs can escalate if not addressed early. Recognizing severe symptoms is key to timely intervention.

Symptoms of Severe Anxiety:
– Excessive Barking or Howling: Persistent vocalization, especially when left alone.
– Destructive Behavior: Scratching doors, digging, or chewing when stressed.
– Pacing or Restlessness: Inability to settle, even in familiar environments.
– Self-Harm: Excessive licking, chewing paws, or tail-chasing leading to injuries.

Compulsive Behaviors to Watch For:
– Spinning or Tail-Chasing: Repetitive motions without apparent cause.
– Shadow or Light Chasing: Obsessive fixation on reflections or shadows.
– Excessive Licking (Acral Lick Dermatitis): Chronic licking leading to sores.

When to Consult a Professional:
– If anxiety disrupts daily life (refusal to eat, hiding, aggression).
– If compulsive behaviors interfere with normal activities.
– If medications or calming techniques fail to provide relief.

A veterinary behaviorist can diagnose anxiety disorders and recommend behavioral therapy, environmental changes, or medication if necessary.

3. Consulting a Veterinarian or Dog Trainer

Knowing when to involve professionals can make a significant difference in managing behavioral issues.

When to See a Veterinarian:
– Sudden behavioral changes (aggression, lethargy, confusion).
– Signs of pain or discomfort influencing behavior.
– Suspected neurological or hormonal imbalances.

When to Hire a Dog Trainer or Behaviorist:
– Persistent disobedience despite consistent training.
– Aggression (growling, snapping, biting) toward people or animals.
– Fear-based reactions (excessive cowering, submissive urination).

Choosing the Right Professional:
– Certified Trainers: Look for credentials (CPDT-KA, KPA-CTP) ensuring humane training methods.
– Veterinary Behaviorists: Specialists in diagnosing and treating behavioral disorders with medical and behavioral approaches.

Early intervention prevents worsening behaviors and strengthens the bond between dogs and their owners. Professional guidance ensures safe, effective solutions tailored to each dog’s needs.

By understanding these warning signs, dog owners can take proactive steps to address behavioral challenges before they escalate. Whether through training adjustments, medical care, or expert consultation, timely action leads to happier, healthier pets.

Additional Tips

Protecting Your Furniture
1. Keep valuable furniture out of reach – Dogs, especially puppies, have a natural instinct to chew. To prevent damage, move expensive or sentimental furniture to areas where your dog doesn’t have access. Baby gates or closed doors can help restrict access to certain rooms.
2. Provide appropriate chew toys – Redirecting chewing behavior to durable toys helps satisfy their need to gnaw while protecting furniture. Look for toys made from tough rubber or nylon.
3. Train the “leave it” command – Teaching your dog to avoid furniture on command reinforces good behavior and prevents destructive habits from forming.

Deterring Unwanted Chewing
1. Use bitter-tasting sprays as a deterrent – These sprays create an unpleasant taste on furniture legs, shoes, or other tempting objects, discouraging chewing. Always choose pet-safe formulas.
2. Supervise and correct early – If you catch your dog chewing something they shouldn’t, calmly redirect them to an appropriate toy. Consistency is key in reinforcing good habits.
3. Identify the cause of chewing – Boredom, anxiety, or teething can drive destructive behavior. Addressing the root cause helps prevent future incidents.

Reducing Stress Through Routine
1. Maintain a consistent routine to reduce stress – Dogs thrive on predictability. Regular feeding times, walks, and play sessions create a sense of security, minimizing anxiety-related behaviors.
2. Provide mental stimulation – Puzzle toys, training exercises, and interactive games keep dogs engaged, reducing boredom-induced stress and destructive tendencies.
3. Create a safe space – A designated area with a comfortable bed and familiar toys helps dogs feel secure, especially during stressful situations like thunderstorms or visitors.

Additional Training Tips
1. Positive reinforcement works best – Rewarding good behavior with treats or praise encourages dogs to repeat desired actions rather than resorting to destructive habits.
2. Avoid punishment-based methods – Yelling or physical corrections can increase anxiety, leading to more behavioral issues. Focus on redirection and rewards instead.
3. Socialization is crucial – Well-socialized dogs are less likely to develop stress-related behaviors. Introduce them to new people, pets, and environments gradually.

Health Considerations
1. Regular vet check-ups – Underlying health issues, such as dental pain or nutritional deficiencies, can contribute to chewing and stress. Routine vet visits help catch problems early.
2. Proper nutrition supports behavior – A balanced diet ensures your dog has the energy and nutrients needed for stable behavior. Consult your vet for dietary recommendations.
3. Exercise is essential – Daily physical activity helps burn off excess energy, reducing the likelihood of destructive behavior out of boredom or frustration.

Breed-Specific Considerations
1. High-energy breeds need more stimulation – Working breeds like Border Collies or Labradors require extra mental and physical exercise to prevent destructive tendencies.
2. Small breeds may be more prone to anxiety – Some toy breeds benefit from additional comfort measures, such as calming blankets or pheromone diffusers.
3. Senior dogs may need adjustments – Older dogs might chew due to dental issues or cognitive decline. Providing softer chew toys and maintaining a calm environment helps.

By implementing these strategies, dog owners can create a harmonious living space while ensuring their pets remain happy, healthy, and well-behaved. Consistency, patience, and understanding your dog’s needs are the foundations of effective pet care.